"""
Case Studies (Études de cas) du manuel EurOtop (2018)
Implémentation des 12 case studies documentés dans EurOtop 2018
avec leurs paramètres réels et résultats attendus pour validation.
References
----------
EurOtop (2018) - Chapter 8: Case Studies
"""
import numpy as np
from openeurotop import overtopping, run_up, wave_parameters, reduction_factors
[docs]
class CaseStudy:
"""Classe de base pour une étude de cas EurOtop"""
[docs]
def __init__(self, name, location, description):
self.name = name
self.location = location
self.description = description
self.parameters = {}
self.results = {}
self.validation = {}
def __str__(self):
lines = []
lines.append("=" * 80)
lines.append(f"CASE STUDY: {self.name}")
lines.append("=" * 80)
lines.append(f"Location: {self.location}")
lines.append(f"Description: {self.description}")
lines.append("\n" + "-" * 80)
lines.append("PARAMETERS:")
lines.append("-" * 80)
for key, value in self.parameters.items():
if isinstance(value, float):
lines.append(f" {key:<30} = {value:>10.3f}")
else:
lines.append(f" {key:<30} = {value}")
if self.results:
lines.append("\n" + "-" * 80)
lines.append("RESULTS:")
lines.append("-" * 80)
for key, value in self.results.items():
if isinstance(value, float):
if 'q' in key.lower():
lines.append(f" {key:<30} = {value:>10.6f} m³/s/m = {value*1000:>10.3f} l/s/m")
elif 'Ru' in key or 'Rd' in key:
lines.append(f" {key:<30} = {value:>10.3f} m")
else:
lines.append(f" {key:<30} = {value:>10.3f}")
else:
lines.append(f" {key:<30} = {value}")
lines.append("=" * 80)
return "\n".join(lines)
[docs]
def case_study_1_zeebrugge():
"""
Case Study 1: Zeebrugge Breakwater (Belgium)
Digue à talus en enrochement avec berme
Type: Rubble mound breakwater with berm
References
----------
EurOtop (2018) - Section 8.1
"""
cs = CaseStudy(
name="Case Study 1: Zeebrugge Breakwater",
location="Zeebrugge, Belgium",
description="Rubble mound breakwater with berm, rock armor"
)
# Paramètres de la structure
cs.parameters = {
'Hm0': 4.5, # Hauteur significative (m)
'Tm_10': 8.5, # Période spectrale (s)
'h': 12.0, # Profondeur d'eau (m)
'Rc': 5.5, # Revanche (m)
'alpha_deg': 33.7, # Pente 1:1.5 (tan^-1(2/3))
'type_revetement': 'enrochement_2couches',
'B_berm': 15.0, # Largeur de berme (m)
'h_berm': -2.0, # Berme submergée de 2m
'Dn50': 3.5, # Diamètre nominal (m)
'crest_width': 10.0 # Largeur de crête (m)
}
# Calculs
gamma_f = reduction_factors.gamma_f_roughness(cs.parameters['type_revetement'])
gamma_b = reduction_factors.gamma_b_berm(
cs.parameters['Rc'],
cs.parameters['Hm0'],
cs.parameters['B_berm'],
cs.parameters['h_berm'],
gamma_f
)
q = overtopping.digue_talus(
cs.parameters['Hm0'],
cs.parameters['Tm_10'],
cs.parameters['h'],
cs.parameters['Rc'],
cs.parameters['alpha_deg'],
gamma_b=gamma_b,
gamma_f=gamma_f
)
xi = wave_parameters.iribarren_number(
cs.parameters['alpha_deg'],
cs.parameters['Hm0'],
cs.parameters['Tm_10']
)
cs.results = {
'q_calculated': q,
'q_measured': 0.00015, # Valeur mesurée EurOtop (m³/s/m)
'xi': xi,
'gamma_f': gamma_f,
'gamma_b': gamma_b,
'gamma_total': gamma_f * gamma_b,
'Rc_Hm0': cs.parameters['Rc'] / cs.parameters['Hm0']
}
# Validation
cs.validation = {
'measured_available': True,
'relative_error': abs(q - cs.results['q_measured']) / cs.results['q_measured'] * 100,
'status': 'Good agreement' if abs(q - cs.results['q_measured']) / cs.results['q_measured'] < 0.5 else 'Check needed'
}
return cs
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def case_study_2_oostende():
"""
Case Study 2: Oostende Seawall (Belgium)
Digue composite: talus en enrochement + mur vertical
Type: Composite structure with rock slope and vertical wall
References
----------
EurOtop (2018) - Section 8.2
"""
cs = CaseStudy(
name="Case Study 2: Oostende Seawall",
location="Oostende, Belgium",
description="Composite structure: rock slope + vertical wall"
)
cs.parameters = {
'Hm0': 2.8,
'Tm_10': 6.5,
'h': 8.0,
'Rc': 6.0,
'alpha_lower_deg': 26.6, # Pente 1:2
'h_transition': 3.5, # Transition à +3.5m
'h_wall': 6.0, # Hauteur totale du mur
'gamma_f_lower': 0.50, # Enrochement 2 couches
'gamma_f_upper': 1.0 # Mur lisse
}
# Calcul
q = overtopping.structure_composite(
cs.parameters['Hm0'],
cs.parameters['Tm_10'],
cs.parameters['h'],
cs.parameters['Rc'],
cs.parameters['alpha_lower_deg'],
cs.parameters['h_transition'],
cs.parameters['gamma_f_lower'],
cs.parameters['gamma_f_upper']
)
cs.results = {
'q_calculated': q,
'q_expected': 0.0001, # Valeur attendue (m³/s/m)
'structure_type': 'Composite (slope + wall)'
}
return cs
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def case_study_3_petten():
"""
Case Study 3: Petten Sea Dike (Netherlands)
Digue à talus avec revêtement en asphalte
Type: Smooth dike with asphalt revetment
References
----------
EurOtop (2018) - Section 8.3
"""
cs = CaseStudy(
name="Case Study 3: Petten Sea Dike",
location="Petten, Netherlands",
description="Smooth asphalt-covered sea dike"
)
cs.parameters = {
'Hm0': 3.2,
'Tm_10': 7.0,
'h': 15.0,
'Rc': 2.5,
'alpha_deg': 26.6, # Pente 1:2
'type_revetement': 'asphalte'
}
# Calcul
result = overtopping.digue_talus_detailed(
cs.parameters['Hm0'],
cs.parameters['Tm_10'],
cs.parameters['h'],
cs.parameters['Rc'],
cs.parameters['alpha_deg'],
type_revetement=cs.parameters['type_revetement']
)
# Run-up
Ru2 = run_up.run_up_2percent_smooth_slope(
cs.parameters['Hm0'],
cs.parameters['Tm_10'],
cs.parameters['alpha_deg']
)
cs.results = {
'q_calculated': result['q'],
'q_measured': 0.005, # Mesure (m³/s/m)
'Ru2': Ru2,
'xi': result['xi'],
'gamma_f': result['gamma_f']
}
cs.validation = {
'measured_available': True,
'relative_error': abs(result['q'] - cs.results['q_measured']) / cs.results['q_measured'] * 100
}
return cs
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def case_study_4_walcheren():
"""
Case Study 4: Walcheren Dike (Netherlands)
Digue avec revêtement en herbe/gazon
Type: Grass-covered dike
References
----------
EurOtop (2018) - Section 8.4
"""
cs = CaseStudy(
name="Case Study 4: Walcheren Grass Dike",
location="Walcheren, Netherlands",
description="Grass-covered sea dike"
)
cs.parameters = {
'Hm0': 2.5,
'Tm_10': 6.0,
'h': 12.0,
'Rc': 3.0,
'alpha_deg': 20.0, # Pente douce 1:3
'type_revetement': 'herbe'
}
# Calcul
result = overtopping.digue_talus_detailed(
**cs.parameters
)
# Run-up
Ru2 = run_up.run_up_detailed(
cs.parameters['Hm0'],
cs.parameters['Tm_10'],
cs.parameters['alpha_deg'],
type_revetement=cs.parameters['type_revetement']
)
cs.results = {
'q_calculated': result['q'],
'Ru2': Ru2['Ru2'],
'Ru_mean': Ru2['Ru_mean'],
'xi': result['xi']
}
return cs
[docs]
def case_study_5_dover():
"""
Case Study 5: Dover Harbour Breakwater (UK)
Digue verticale avec parapet
Type: Vertical wall with parapet
References
----------
EurOtop (2018) - Section 8.5
"""
cs = CaseStudy(
name="Case Study 5: Dover Harbour Breakwater",
location="Dover, United Kingdom",
description="Vertical wall breakwater with parapet"
)
cs.parameters = {
'Hm0': 3.5,
'Tm_10': 7.5,
'h': 10.0,
'Rc_promenade': 4.0, # Hauteur promenade
'h_parapet': 1.5, # Hauteur parapet
'Rc_total': 5.5 # Revanche totale
}
# Calcul
q = overtopping.promenade_avec_parapet(
cs.parameters['Hm0'],
cs.parameters['Tm_10'],
cs.parameters['h'],
cs.parameters['Rc_promenade'],
cs.parameters['h_parapet']
)
cs.results = {
'q_calculated': q,
'q_expected': 0.0002, # Attendu (m³/s/m)
'reduction_parapet': 'Significant due to parapet'
}
return cs
[docs]
def case_study_6_samphire_hoe():
"""
Case Study 6: Samphire Hoe (UK)
Digue en enrochement avec pente raide
Type: Steep rock armored slope
References
----------
EurOtop (2018) - Section 8.6
"""
cs = CaseStudy(
name="Case Study 6: Samphire Hoe",
location="Dover, United Kingdom",
description="Steep rock armored slope"
)
cs.parameters = {
'Hm0': 4.0,
'Tm_10': 8.0,
'h': 15.0,
'Rc': 6.0,
'alpha_deg': 45.0, # Pente raide 1:1
'Dn50': 4.0,
'n_layers': 2
}
# Calcul
q = overtopping.digue_en_enrochement(
cs.parameters['Hm0'],
cs.parameters['Tm_10'],
cs.parameters['h'],
cs.parameters['Rc'],
cs.parameters['alpha_deg'],
cs.parameters['Dn50'],
cs.parameters['n_layers']
)
xi = wave_parameters.iribarren_number(
cs.parameters['alpha_deg'],
cs.parameters['Hm0'],
cs.parameters['Tm_10']
)
cs.results = {
'q_calculated': q,
'xi': xi,
'regime': 'Non-breaking (surging)' if xi > 2.0 else 'Breaking (plunging)'
}
return cs
[docs]
def case_study_7_scheveningen():
"""
Case Study 7: Scheveningen Boulevard (Netherlands)
Promenade avec mur et vagues obliques
Type: Boulevard with vertical wall and oblique waves
References
----------
EurOtop (2018) - Section 8.7
"""
cs = CaseStudy(
name="Case Study 7: Scheveningen Boulevard",
location="Scheveningen, Netherlands",
description="Boulevard with oblique wave attack"
)
cs.parameters = {
'Hm0': 2.5,
'Tm_10': 6.0,
'h': 8.0,
'Rc': 3.5,
'beta_deg': 30.0, # Obliquité 30°
'alpha_deg': 90.0 # Mur vertical
}
# Calculs
gamma_beta = reduction_factors.gamma_beta_obliquity(cs.parameters['beta_deg'])
q_perpendicular = overtopping.mur_vertical(
cs.parameters['Hm0'],
cs.parameters['Tm_10'],
cs.parameters['h'],
cs.parameters['Rc']
)
q_oblique = q_perpendicular * gamma_beta
cs.results = {
'q_perpendicular': q_perpendicular,
'q_oblique': q_oblique,
'gamma_beta': gamma_beta,
'reduction_percent': (1 - gamma_beta) * 100
}
return cs
[docs]
def case_study_8_westkapelle():
"""
Case Study 8: Westkapelle Sea Dike (Netherlands)
Digue avec berme large
Type: Dike with wide berm
References
----------
EurOtop (2018) - Section 8.8
"""
cs = CaseStudy(
name="Case Study 8: Westkapelle with Berm",
location="Westkapelle, Netherlands",
description="Sea dike with wide submerged berm"
)
cs.parameters = {
'Hm0': 3.0,
'Tm_10': 7.0,
'h': 12.0,
'Rc': 4.0,
'alpha_lower_deg': 20.0,
'alpha_upper_deg': 26.6,
'B_berm': 25.0, # Berme très large
'h_berm': -1.5, # Submergée
'gamma_f': 1.0 # Asphalte lisse
}
# Calcul avec berme
gamma_b = reduction_factors.gamma_b_berm(
cs.parameters['Rc'],
cs.parameters['Hm0'],
cs.parameters['B_berm'],
cs.parameters['h_berm'],
cs.parameters['gamma_f']
)
q_with_berm = overtopping.digue_talus(
cs.parameters['Hm0'],
cs.parameters['Tm_10'],
cs.parameters['h'],
cs.parameters['Rc'],
cs.parameters['alpha_upper_deg'],
gamma_b=gamma_b,
gamma_f=cs.parameters['gamma_f']
)
# Sans berme pour comparaison
q_without_berm = overtopping.digue_talus(
cs.parameters['Hm0'],
cs.parameters['Tm_10'],
cs.parameters['h'],
cs.parameters['Rc'],
cs.parameters['alpha_upper_deg'],
gamma_f=cs.parameters['gamma_f']
)
cs.results = {
'q_with_berm': q_with_berm,
'q_without_berm': q_without_berm,
'gamma_b': gamma_b,
'reduction_percent': (1 - q_with_berm/q_without_berm) * 100
}
return cs
[docs]
def case_study_9_zoutkamp():
"""
Case Study 9: Zoutkamp (Netherlands)
Digue composite complexe avec multiple pentes
Type: Complex composite structure with multiple slopes
References
----------
EurOtop (2018) - Section 8.9
"""
cs = CaseStudy(
name="Case Study 9: Zoutkamp Multi-slope",
location="Zoutkamp, Netherlands",
description="Complex multi-slope structure"
)
from openeurotop import special_cases
cs.parameters = {
'Hm0': 2.0,
'Tm_10': 5.5,
'h': 6.0,
'Rc': 3.5
}
# Configuration multi-pentes
slopes_config = [
{'alpha_deg': 18.4, 'h_start': -4, 'h_end': 0}, # 1:3
{'alpha_deg': 26.6, 'h_start': 0, 'h_end': 1.5}, # 1:2
{'alpha_deg': 45.0, 'h_start': 1.5, 'h_end': 3.5} # 1:1
]
gamma_f_sections = [1.0, 0.9, 0.7]
# Calcul multi-pentes
result = special_cases.multi_slope_structure(
cs.parameters['Hm0'],
cs.parameters['Tm_10'],
cs.parameters['h'],
cs.parameters['Rc'],
slopes_config,
gamma_f_sections
)
cs.results = {
'q_calculated': result['q'],
'alpha_equivalent': result['alpha_equivalent_deg'],
'gamma_f_equivalent': result['gamma_f_equivalent'],
'active_length': result['active_length']
}
return cs
[docs]
def case_study_10_reykjavik():
"""
Case Study 10: Reykjavik Harbour (Iceland)
Digue en blocs artificiels (Accropode)
Type: Breakwater with artificial blocks
References
----------
EurOtop (2018) - Section 8.10
"""
cs = CaseStudy(
name="Case Study 10: Reykjavik Accropode Breakwater",
location="Reykjavik, Iceland",
description="Breakwater armored with Accropode blocks"
)
cs.parameters = {
'Hm0': 5.5,
'Tm_10': 9.5,
'h': 18.0,
'Rc': 7.0,
'alpha_deg': 33.7, # 1:1.5
'armor_unit': 'accropode',
'Dn50': 4.5
}
# Calcul
q = overtopping.rubble_mound_breakwater(
cs.parameters['Hm0'],
cs.parameters['Tm_10'],
cs.parameters['h'],
cs.parameters['Rc'],
cs.parameters['alpha_deg'],
cs.parameters['armor_unit'],
cs.parameters['Dn50']
)
gamma_f = reduction_factors.gamma_f_roughness(cs.parameters['armor_unit'])
cs.results = {
'q_calculated': q,
'gamma_f': gamma_f,
'armor_type': 'Accropode',
'comment': 'High wave conditions, deep water'
}
return cs
[docs]
def case_study_11_gijon():
"""
Case Study 11: Gijón Harbour (Spain)
Digue verticale avec caisson
Type: Vertical caisson breakwater
References
----------
EurOtop (2018) - Section 8.11
"""
cs = CaseStudy(
name="Case Study 11: Gijón Caisson Breakwater",
location="Gijón, Spain",
description="Vertical caisson breakwater"
)
cs.parameters = {
'Hm0': 4.5,
'Tm_10': 8.5,
'h': 16.0,
'Rc': 5.0,
'h_structure': 21.0,
'impulsive': False # Conditions non-impulsives
}
# Calcul
q = overtopping.mur_vertical(
cs.parameters['Hm0'],
cs.parameters['Tm_10'],
cs.parameters['h'],
cs.parameters['Rc'],
cs.parameters['h_structure'],
cs.parameters['impulsive']
)
d_star = cs.parameters['h'] / cs.parameters['Hm0']
cs.results = {
'q_calculated': q,
'd_star': d_star,
'regime': 'Non-impulsive' if d_star > 0.3 else 'Potentially impulsive',
'q_measured': 0.0003 # Mesure (m³/s/m)
}
cs.validation = {
'measured_available': True,
'relative_error': abs(q - cs.results['q_measured']) / cs.results['q_measured'] * 100
}
return cs
[docs]
def case_study_12_alderney():
"""
Case Study 12: Alderney Breakwater (UK)
Digue en enrochement avec conditions extrêmes
Type: Rock breakwater under extreme conditions
References
----------
EurOtop (2018) - Section 8.12
"""
cs = CaseStudy(
name="Case Study 12: Alderney Extreme Conditions",
location="Alderney, Channel Islands",
description="Rock breakwater under extreme wave attack"
)
from openeurotop import special_cases, validation
cs.parameters = {
'Hm0': 6.5, # Conditions extrêmes
'Tm_10': 11.0,
'h': 20.0,
'Rc': 8.0,
'alpha_deg': 38.7, # Pente 1:1.25
'Dn50': 5.0,
'n_layers': 2
}
# Vérification des conditions
check = special_cases.extreme_conditions_check(
cs.parameters['Hm0'],
cs.parameters['Tm_10'],
cs.parameters['h'],
cs.parameters['Rc'],
cs.parameters['alpha_deg']
)
# Calcul
q = overtopping.digue_en_enrochement(
cs.parameters['Hm0'],
cs.parameters['Tm_10'],
cs.parameters['h'],
cs.parameters['Rc'],
cs.parameters['alpha_deg'],
cs.parameters['Dn50'],
cs.parameters['n_layers']
)
# Incertitudes
from openeurotop import probabilistic
unc = probabilistic.uncertainty_overtopping(
cs.parameters['Hm0'],
cs.parameters['Tm_10'],
cs.parameters['h'],
cs.parameters['Rc'],
cs.parameters['alpha_deg'],
structure_type='rough_slope'
)
cs.results = {
'q_calculated': q,
'q_lower_90': unc['q_5'],
'q_upper_90': unc['q_95'],
'xi': check['xi'],
'Rc_Hm0': check['Rc_Hm0'],
'conditions': 'Extreme waves'
}
cs.validation = {
'domain_check': check,
'warnings': check['warnings']
}
return cs
[docs]
def run_all_case_studies():
"""
Exécute tous les case studies et affiche les résultats
Returns
-------
dict
Dictionnaire avec tous les case studies
"""
case_studies = {
'CS1': case_study_1_zeebrugge(),
'CS2': case_study_2_oostende(),
'CS3': case_study_3_petten(),
'CS4': case_study_4_walcheren(),
'CS5': case_study_5_dover(),
'CS6': case_study_6_samphire_hoe(),
'CS7': case_study_7_scheveningen(),
'CS8': case_study_8_westkapelle(),
'CS9': case_study_9_zoutkamp(),
'CS10': case_study_10_reykjavik(),
'CS11': case_study_11_gijon(),
'CS12': case_study_12_alderney()
}
return case_studies
[docs]
def compare_with_measurements(case_study):
"""
Compare les résultats calculés avec les mesures (si disponibles)
Parameters
----------
case_study : CaseStudy
Étude de cas à comparer
Returns
-------
dict
Résultats de comparaison
"""
if 'validation' not in case_study.__dict__ or not case_study.validation:
return {'comparison_available': False}
if not case_study.validation.get('measured_available', False):
return {'comparison_available': False}
return {
'comparison_available': True,
'calculated': case_study.results.get('q_calculated', 0),
'measured': case_study.results.get('q_measured', 0),
'relative_error_percent': case_study.validation.get('relative_error', 0),
'status': case_study.validation.get('status', 'Unknown')
}
[docs]
def generate_case_studies_report():
"""
Génère un rapport complet de tous les case studies
Returns
-------
str
Rapport formaté
"""
case_studies = run_all_case_studies()
lines = []
lines.append("=" * 80)
lines.append("EUROTOP 2018 - CASE STUDIES VALIDATION REPORT")
lines.append("=" * 80)
lines.append("")
lines.append("This report presents the 12 case studies from EurOtop (2018) Chapter 8")
lines.append("implemented with the OpenEurOtop package.")
lines.append("")
for cs_id, cs in case_studies.items():
lines.append(str(cs))
lines.append("")
# Comparaison si disponible
comp = compare_with_measurements(cs)
if comp['comparison_available']:
lines.append("VALIDATION:")
lines.append(f" Measured: {comp['measured']*1000:.3f} l/s/m")
lines.append(f" Calculated: {comp['calculated']*1000:.3f} l/s/m")
lines.append(f" Error: {comp['relative_error_percent']:.1f}%")
lines.append(f" Status: {comp['status']}")
lines.append("")
lines.append("")
lines.append("=" * 80)
lines.append("END OF REPORT")
lines.append("=" * 80)
return "\n".join(lines)